Altitude sickness in Cusco is a common concern for travelers due to the city’s high altitude of 3,399 meters (11,152 feet) above sea level. While its breathtaking landscapes and cultural richness attract visitors from around the world, the elevation can pose challenges. If you’re planning a trip to Cusco, it’s important to understand what altitude sickness is, how it feels, where you might experience it, and, most importantly, how to prevent and manage it. In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know to make your visit as smooth and enjoyable as possible.
What is Altitude Sickness?
Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when your body struggles to adjust to lower oxygen levels at high elevations. This happens because the air at higher altitudes contains less oxygen than at sea level, making it harder for your body to function properly.
It typically affects individuals who ascend too quickly without allowing their bodies time to acclimate. The symptoms can range from mild to severe, and in extreme cases, it can develop into more serious conditions like high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), both of which require immediate medical attention.
How Does Altitude Sickness Feels like?
Altitude sickness symptoms usually appear within 6 to 24 hours after arriving at a high elevation. The most common symptoms include:
- Headache (one of the earliest and most common signs)
- Dizziness and lightheadedness
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue and lack of energy
- Nausea or vomiting
- Difficulty sleeping
- Loss of appetite
If symptoms worsen, they may indicate more serious forms of altitude sickness, which require immediate descent and medical assistance.
Where Can I Get Altitude Sickness?
You are most likely to experience altitude sickness in places with elevations above 2,500 meters (8,200 feet). In Peru, this includes:
- Cusco (3,399 meters / 11,152 feet)
- Sacred Valley (2,792 meters / 9,160 feet) (lower altitude, making it a great place to acclimate first)
- Machu Picchu (2,430 meters / 7,972 feet) (less likely to cause altitude sickness due to lower elevation)
- Rainbow Mountain (5,200 meters / 17,060 feet) (one of the highest and riskiest spots for altitude sickness)
- Lake Titicaca (3,812 meters / 12,507 feet)
Travelers flying directly into Cusco from sea-level locations (like Lima) are at the highest risk of experiencing symptoms since their bodies have no time to adjust.
How to Prevent Altitude Sickness in Cusco
While altitude sickness can affect anyone, there are several ways to minimize the risk:
- Acclimate Gradually: If possible, spend a day or two in lower-altitude areas like the Sacred Valley before heading to Cusco.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help your body adjust.
- Avoid Alcohol and Heavy Meals: Alcohol and rich foods can make symptoms worse.
- Take it Easy: Rest upon arrival and avoid strenuous activities for the first 24-48 hours.
- Drink Coca Tea: A traditional remedy in Peru, coca tea can help alleviate mild symptoms.
- Use Altitude Medication: Medications like Acetazolamide (Diamox) can help prevent or reduce symptoms.
- Oxygen Therapy: Many hotels in Cusco offer oxygen tanks for guests struggling with altitude sickness.
- Chew Coca Leaves: Indigenous people have used coca leaves for centuries to counteract the effects of high altitude.
First Aid for Altitude Sickness
Using the buddy system is essential, as those suffering from altitude sickness often refuse to acknowledge their own symptoms. It’s not unusual for affected individuals to stubbornly resist descending.
If someone in your group shows signs of altitude sickness, follow these first aid steps:
- Stop ascending: Set up camp and wait for symptoms to subside, which can take a couple of days.
- Avoid alcohol and cigarettes.
- Provide pain relief: Give aspirin or paracetamol in the usual recommended doses.
- Encourage deep breathing: This helps decrease carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
- Administer altitude medication: Give the recommended dose of dexamethasone if available.
- In severe cases, descend immediately: Aim for a descent of 500 m to 1,000 m.
- Consider diuretics: These promote urine production to reduce the risk of fluid accumulation.
- Provide oxygen: Use a portable oxygen cylinder if available.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How long does altitude sickness last?
Mild altitude sickness symptoms typically subside within 24 to 48 hours as your body acclimates. If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical help.
2. Can I take medication to prevent altitude sickness in Cusco?
Yes, Acetazolamide (Diamox) can help prevent and reduce symptoms. Consult your doctor before taking it.
3. Is Machu Picchu at high risk for altitude sickness?
Machu Picchu sits at 2,430 meters (7,972 feet), which is lower than Cusco, so altitude sickness is less common there.
4. What should I do if I get altitude sickness in Cusco?
Rest, hydrate, avoid alcohol, take altitude medication if available, and consider oxygen therapy. If symptoms worsen, descend to a lower altitude.
5. Who is more likely to get altitude sickness in cusco?
Anyone can get altitude sickness, but those who ascend too quickly, are dehydrated, or have respiratory issues are at higher risk. Fitness level does not necessarily prevent altitude sickness.
By taking the right precautions, you can enjoy all that Cusco and its surrounding wonders have to offer without letting altitude sickness slow you down!
Conclusion
Altitude sickness in Cusco is a common concern for travelers, but with the right precautions, it can be managed effectively. Understanding the symptoms, knowing where you’re most likely to experience them, and taking preventive measures will ensure you have a safe and enjoyable trip. If symptoms become severe, always seek medical attention and descend to a lower altitude if necessary.
I am Carlos, founder of Machu Picchu Soul, a local tour operator and travel agency based in Cusco, Peru. My journey in tourism began as a porter on the iconic Inca Trail, where I developed a deep connection with the land and its history. After years of dedication, I became a professional tour guide, honing my skills to deliver exceptional experiences. With over 15 years of expertise, I decided to establish Machu Picchu Soul to combine my passion for authentic travel with a commitment to supporting local communities and creating unforgettable adventures for our guests.
